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Microbial oils are potential resources of fuels and food oils in the future. In recent years, with the rapid development of systems biology technology, understanding the physiological metabolism and lipid accumulation characteristics of oleaginous microorganisms from a global perspective has become a research focus. As an important tool for systems biology research, omics technology has been widely used to reveal the mechanism of high-efficiency production of oils by oleaginous microorganisms. This provides a basis for rational genetic modification and fermentation process control of oleaginous microorganisms. In this article, we summarize the application of omics technology in oleaginous microorganisms, introduced the commonly used sample pre-processing and data analysis methods for omics analysis of oleaginous microorganisms, reviewe the researches for revealing the mechanism of efficient lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms based on omics technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics (modification) and metabolomics (lipidomics), as well as mathematical models based on omics data. The future development and application of omics technology for microbial oil production are also proposed.
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Fermentation , Lipids , Metabolomics , Proteomics , TechnologyABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the clinical effects of closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with antegrade Kirschner wire plus rod rotation technique in the treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture.Methods:In this retrospective study, 26 patients with the fifth metacarpal neck fracture were treated by closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with antegrade Kirschner wire plus rod rotation technique at Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Karamay from August 2015 to October 2017. They were 23 males and 3 females, aged from 12 to 53 years with an average age of 25.2 years. In the intramedullary nailing, a Kirschner wire pre-bent by 10° to 15° was inserted from the base of the fifth metacarpal into the medullary canal before closed reduction. After satisfactory reduction was achieved, the Kirschner wire was inserted across the fracture site into the metacarpal head for further reduction and fixation using rod rotation technique. After operation, a plaster was applied to protect the fixation for 2 weeks. Functional exercise was started after removal of the plaster. The Kirschner wire was not removed under local anaesthesia at the outpatient department until about 10 to 16 weeks postoperation when X-ray showed fracture healing. Records of their operation time, head/shaft angle of the fifth affected metacarpal, active range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and Total Active Movement (TAM) of hand function at the last follow-up were collected.Results:Their operation time averaged 21 minutes (from 12 to 35 minutes). Anatomical reduction was achieved in 23 cases but not in 3 ones whose metacarpal head/shaft angle and alignment were obviously improved. Follow-ups for 6 to 29 months (average, 15.8 months) showed all the patients obtained solid fracture healing with no infection or delayed fracture healing. The head/shaft angle was improved significantly from preoperative 61.2°±11.2° to postoperative 14.7°±3.5° ( P<0.05) which was not significantly different from that of the healthy side (14.6°±1.7°)( P>0.05). The active range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint was 89.3°±4.2° after fixation removal, not significantly different from that of the healthy side (90.7°±1.5°) ( P>0.05). According to TAM scores at the last follow-up, 22 cases were rated as excellent, 3 as good and one as fair. Conclusion:In the treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture, closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with antegrade Kirschner wire plus rod rotation technique is effective, because it is simple and limitedly invasive, and leads to limited complications, low costs and secondary reduction.
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Objective To investigate the difference of the expression of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67 protein between primary lesions of breast cancer and its synchronous ipsilateral lymph node metastasis,as well as its clinical implications.Methods Retrospectively analyze invasive breast cancer patients treated in Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to May 2016.The IHC expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67 protein in both the primary and lymph node metastatic lesions are compared and analyzed statistically.The count data were represented as n(％),and comparsion between groups were evaluated using the McNemar test.Results One hundred and fifty-six patients were included,of which on 2 cases (1.3％),estrogen receptor status of primary lesions is different from that of lymph node metastases(P =0.500);on 10 cases (6.4％),progesterone receptor status of primary lesions is different from that of lymph node metastases (P =0.344);on 28 cases (18.0％),Ki-67 protein status of primary lesions is different from that of lymph node metastases (P =0.000 18);on 3 cases (1.9％),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status of primary lesions is different from that of lymph node metastases (P =1.000).Conclusion There may be difference between primary lesions and lymph node metastases in the expression of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67 protein,which can provide a reference for individualized treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Objective: To sort out the knowledge structure and summarize the current development in the fields related, by summarizing the research on commonly used acupoints by moxibustion for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, LDH.Methods: Citespace software was used to create the atlas of acupoints commonly used by moxibustion for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and the atlas was analyzed. The data obtained was used to data back to the literature and summarize its development of the field. Results: In the field of moxibustion treatment of lumbar disc herniation, traditional acupoints, have been studied mostly. With the deepening of the research, some new ideas and methods have been gradually formed, such as heat sensitive points and heat sensitive moxibustion. Conclusion: The research on moxibustion treating LDH common acupoints scattered. It is hoped that the cooperation between scholars and research groups in this field will be made, laying a solid foundation for the future research.
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This paper used the co-word analysis function of CiteSpace V to take the visualization analysis of related articles,research history,status quo and tendency of diagnostic criteria research of syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney.China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was used as the data source.A total of 99 papers related to diagnostic criteria research of syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney were retrieved.And then,the data files were imported into CiteSpace V.The co-word and visualization analysis of authors,institutions and keywords were conducted.With the visualization analysis,the research found 389 main researchers and 4 stable research teams of diagnostic criteria research of syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical basic medical institute and affiliated hospitals of universities of Chinese medicine and each region of the Chinese medicine hospital are the main institutions of this field.Cluster analysis of keywords showed that main research directions in this field contain the establishment of TCM diagnostic criteria of syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney,syndrome differentiation of TCM,syndrome factors and correlational study.Diseases which attract more attentions are IgA nephropathy,hypertension,cirrhosis,chronic hepatitis B,and etc.The research result not only visually understands the research history,status quo and main research direction of this field,but also forecasts the development tendency of this field.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the researches of acupuncture and moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in recent 15 years and summarize the research direction and collect the knowledge structure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The relevant literature on acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of LDH was retrieved from CNKI. After Refworks format reversion, the CiteSpace software was used to create the reproductive map of the authors, research institutions and keywords in the literature on acupuncture and moxibustion for LDH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the map, 701 authors were included and 11 authors of them had published ≥ 3 papers; 740 institutions were included and 20 institutions of them had published ≥ 3 papers; 149 keywords were included and 13 keywords of them had appeared ≥ 20 times.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In a study of acupuncture and moxibustion for LDH, it is required to specify the nomenclature, strengthen the cooperation among institutions, promote the communication among authors and construct the treatment system, moreover, to deepen the study on the therapeutic methods, in which the researches have been conducted, and to explore a new therapeutic approach on the basis of the original therapeutic methods.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explored the relationship of clinicopathological classification and clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer and analyze the value in treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients with invasive breast carcinoma had been treated between January 2011 and December 2012. The breast cancer have been divided into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes according to criteria of St. Gallen International Expert Consensus report 2011. The Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the relationships between four subtypes and TNM staging, histopathological grading.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 530 cases of invasive breast cancer patients were included in this study. The luminal A was 94 cases (17.7%), the luminal B was of 285 cases (53.8%), the HER2-positive was 59 cases (11.1%), and the triple-negative subtype was 92 cases (17.4%). In luminal B subtype, the HER2-positive was 56 (19.6%) and negative was 229 (80.4%). Most of luminal B was later in grade (71.7% of cases were more than II grade) and stage (66.7% were more than stage II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Clinical pathological classification is important in the individualized treatments of breast cancer, and the Luminal types (A+B) are more than 71.5% of all breast cancer patients, and they should be paid more attention to the endocrine therapy; Luminal B type accounted for 53.8% of all breast cancer and it needs further study to improve the precision of the diagnosis and treatment.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breast Neoplasms , Classification , Pathology , Neoplasm Staging , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective To compare the first-attempt success rate among three implantation approaches of the totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs).Methods Totally 351 patients underwent the TIVAP placement in our hospital between April 2002 and May 2012.Venous access was obtained by cutdown in 234 cases,by the Seldinger technique in 41,and by ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique in 76.The first-attempt success rate was calculated and compared among these three groups.Results The first-attempt success rate was 78.6％ (184/234) in the cutdown group,90.2％ (37/41) in the Seldinger technique group,and 100％ (76/76) in the ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique group.Obviously,the success rate in ultrasound guided group was significantly higher than the cutdown group (P =0.000) and the Seldinger group (P =0.014).The incidences of surgical complications were low in all these three groups (2.2％,0,and 0,respectively).Conclusion TIVAPs represent a safe and feasible technique.The preferred placement method is ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique.
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The application of resonance charging circuit to electro-hydraulic impulse apparatus for treating wastewater is introduced in this paper.The circuit permits the graduating increase of current without influence from time.The unique change of voltage on capacitor is favorable for the recovery of electric strength of electro-hydraulic impulse apparatus.The theory and design method of resonance charging circuit are provided.
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AIM: To observe pathomorphological changes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia. METHODS: The synthetic vascular dementia model was produced in the mouse. Animals were killed 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d after the operation, brain tissues were removed and embedded in paraffin. Section of 8?m thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Nissl methods, and observed with light microscope. RESULTS: The cerebral cortex in the mouse became thinner on the seventh day, karyopyknosis in partial nervous cells was formed, the number of local neurons was reduced, sieve structure was observed, and glial cells proliferated, with the similar results 15 d and 30 d after operation. Model mouses hippocampal cells in CA 1 area were reduced and almost disappeared 30 d after operation. At the same time, glial cells were abundantly proliferated, tubercles were formed. Cells in CA 2, CA 3 area were also reduced and hippocampal sclerosis occurred. CONCLUSION: Delayed necrosis of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be the pathological basis of ischemia cerebral vascular dementia.
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The electrohydraulic impulse water treatment equipment is developed to purify the drinking water and treat with the wastewater from industry production and living.Taken as the negative electrode,the air jet nozzle can input the air or oxygen into the working chamber,and thus the equipment is turned into a generator of low-temperature plasma ozone and its sterilization effect is vastly enhanced.According to experimentations and references,the factors that influence the erosion of electrode are discussed in detail in this paper.The metal ions in water have to be limited during the electrohydraulic impulse sterilization,or the sterilization effect will be weaken.
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This paper reported a rapid hydrolysis method of food protein using microwave oven and high pressure vessel technique. Tryptophan in hydroly-zate was determined by fluorimetric spectroscopy method. The hydrolytic agent was 5 M NaOH solution. Under the operative condition of the microwave oven (microwave output power 650W, 2 minutes 15 seconds and 65W 2 minutes) the highest tryptophan contents of the pure protein lysozymum and food SRM liver, cabbage and wheat flour were obtained. The results of the t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the tryptophan contents determined by using the operative condition of the microwave oven mentioned above and 145℃ 4h hydrolysis method. The recovery of the method was 93.3%-107%, and the coefficient of variation obtained by parallel determination of 10 lysozymum sample was 4.2%.